Full Collection of 50 Cents of Mexico Coins 1970-1983

Description

Item:
Col3007
Authentic Coin of:
MEXICO
You are buying  the exact items on the picture.
Km#
452 : 6.5 g. ,  Copper-Nickel 25mm.
Obv
: National arms, eagle leff within reach
Rev
: Head  with headdress left
Edge
: Reeded
Mint:
Mexico City
Items:
12 coins of Year of Mintage
DATE
MINTAGE
1970 Mo
76,236,000
1971 Mo
125,288,00
1972 Mo
16,000,000
1975 Mo
177,958,000
1976 Mo
37,480,000
1977 Mo
12,410,000
1978 Mo
85,400,000
1979 Mo
229,000,000
1980 Mo
89,978,000
1981 Mo
142,212,000
1982 Mo
45,474,000
1983 Mo
90,318,000
Cuauhtémoc
, also known as
Cuauhtemotzín
,
Guatimozín
, or
Guatémoc
, was the Aztec ruler of Tenochitlan from 1520 to 1521, making him the last Aztec Emperor. The name Cuauhtemōc means "one who has descended like an eagle", and is commonly rendered in English as "Descending Eagle", as in the moment when an eagle folds its wings and plummets down to strike its prey. This is a name that implies aggressiveness and determination.
Cuauhtémoc took power in 1520 as successor of Cuitlahuac  and was a cousin of the late emperor Moctezuma II. His young wife, who was later known as Isabel Moctezuma , was one of Moctezuma's daughters. He ascended to the throne when he was around 25 years old, while  Tenochtitlan was being besieged by the  Spanish  and devastated by an epidemic of smallpox  brought to the New World by Spanish explorers. After the killings in the Great Temple, there were probably few Aztec captains available to take the position.
The
Mexican War of Independence
(Spanish:
Guerra     de Independencia de México
) was an armed     conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended     the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. The war had its     antecedent in the French invasion of Spain in 1808; it extended from the Grito de Dolores by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla on     September 16, 1810, to the entrance of the Army of the Three Guarantees led     by Augustín de Iturbide to Mexico City on     September 27, 1821. September 16 is celebrated as Mexican Independence Day.
The movement for independence was inspired by     the Age of Enlightenment and the liberal revolutions of the last part of     the 18th century. By that time the educated elite of New Spain had begun to     reflect on the relations between Spain and its colonial kingdoms. Changes     in the social and political structure occasioned by Bourbon reforms and a     deep economic crisis in New Spain caused discomfort among the Creole     (native-born) elite.
Political events in Europe had a decisive     effect on events in most of Spanish America. In 1808, King Charles IV and     Ferdinand VII abdicated in favor of French leader Napoleon Bonaparte, who     left the crown of Spain to his brother Joseph Bonaparte. The same year, the     ayuntamiento (city council) of Mexico City,     supported by viceroy José de Iturrigaray, claimed     sovereignty in the absence of the legitimate king. That led to a coup     against the viceroy; when it was suppressed, the leaders of the movement     were jailed.
Despite the defeat in Mexico City, small groups     of conspirators met in other cities of New Spain to raise movements against     colonial rule. In 1810, after being discovered, Querétaro conspirators     chose to take up arms on September 16 in the company of peasants and     indigenous inhabitants of Dolores (Guanajuato), who were called to action     by the secular Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo, former rector of the Colegio     de San Nicolás Obispo.
From 1810 the independence movement went     through several stages, as leaders were imprisoned or executed by forces     loyal to Spain. At first they recognized the     sovereignty of Ferdinand VII over Spain and its colonies, but later the     leaders took more radical positions, including such issues of social order     as the abolition of slavery. Secular priest José María Morelos called the     separatist provinces to form the Congress of Chilpancingo, which gave the     insurgency its own legal framework. After the defeat of Morelos, the     movement survived as a guerrilla war under the leadership of Vicente     Guerrero. By 1820, the few rebel groups survived most notably in the Sierra     Madre del Sur and Veracruz.
The reinstatement of the liberal Constitution     of Cadiz in 1820 caused a change of mind among the elite groups who had     supported Spanish rule. Monarchist Creoles affected by the constitution     decided to support the independence of New Spain; they sought an alliance     with the former insurgent resistance. Agustín de     Iturbide led the military arm of the conspirators and in early 1821 he met     Vicente Guerrero. Both proclaimed the Plan of Iguala, which called for the     union of all insurgent factions and was supported by both the aristocracy     and clergy of New Spain. It called for monarchy in an independent Mexico.     Finally, the independence of Mexico was achieved on September 27, 1821.
After that, the mainland of New Spain was     organized as the Mexican Empire. This ephemeral Catholic monarchy changed     to a federal republic in 1823, due to internal conflicts and the separation     of Central America from Mexico.
After some Spanish reconquest attempts,     including the expedition of Isidro Barradas in     1829, Spain under the rule of Isabella II recognized the independence of     Mexico in 1836.
Mexico
,     officially the
United Mexican States
, is a federal republic in     North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the     south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and     the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost     two million square kilometres (over     760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the     Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the     world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh     most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world     and the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a     federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, its capital     and largest city.
In pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured     into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan,     the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In     1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its     base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of     New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico following     recognition of the colony's independence in 1821. The post-independence     period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American     War that led to the territorial cession to the United States, the Pastry     War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, two empires and a domestic     dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which     culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence     of the country's current political system. In March 1938, through the     Mexican oil expropriation private U.S. and Anglo-Dutch oil companies were     nationalized to create the state-owned Pemex oil company.
Mexico     has one of the world's largest economies, it is the tenth largest oil     producer in the world, the largest silver producer in the world and is     considered both a regional power and middle power. In addition, Mexico was     the first Latin American member of the Organisation     for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD (since 1994), and considered an upper-middle income country by the     World Bank. Mexico is considered a newly industrialized country and an     emerging power. It has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the tenth     largest GDP by purchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to     those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners,     especially the United States. Mexico ranks sixth in the world and first in     the Americas by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites with 32, and in 2010     was the tenth most visited country in the world with 22.5 million     international arrivals per year. According to Goldman Sachs, by 2050 Mexico     is expected to become the world's fifth largest economy.     PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) estimated in January 2013 that by 2050 Mexico     could be the world's seventh largest economy. Mexico has membership in     prominent institutions such as the UN, the WTO, the G20 and the Uniting for     Consensus.
Frequently Asked Questions
AZTECA  NUMISMATIST
, Mexico-renowned expert numismatist, enthusiast, dealer in authentic ancient Mexican, Coins & more.
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